Author of book on Mexican Mafia.

Tony Rafael has long chronicled the impact of the Mexican Mafia on society. He never leaves home without a handgun after numerous death threats. Rafael believes that Anthony Prudhomme, along with scores of others, was a victim of a ethnic cleansing campaign carried out in certain Los Angeles neighborhoods that was ordered by the Mexican Mafia against African Americans . (Photograph by Todd Bigelow/Aurora).

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Tony Rafael has long chronicled the impact of the Mexican Mafia on society. He never leaves home without a handgun after numerous death threats. Rafael believes that Anthony Prudhomme, along with scores of others, was a victim of a ethnic cleansing campaign carried out in certain Los Angeles neighborhoods that was ordered by the Mexican Mafia against African Americans . (Photograph by Todd Bigelow/Aurora).